440 9 9-1 Two Proportions 9-2 Two Means: Independent Samples 9-3 Matched Pairs 9-4 Two Variances or Standard Deviations 9-5 Resampling: Using Technology for Inferences To Stop Smoking, Which is Better: E-Cigarettes or Nicotine Replacement? INFERENCES FROM TWO SAMPLES Researchers conducted a trial in which 884 smokers were randomly placed in one of two different groups for smoking cessation treatment with either e-cigarettes or nicotine replacement (nicotine patch, nicotine gum, etc.). Table 9-1 shows the results obtained 52 weeks after the treatment (based on “A Randomized Trial of E-Cigarettes versus Nicotine-Replacement Therapy,” by Hajek, et al., New England Journal of Medicine). From Table 9-1 we can see that the success rates are 18.0% for the e-cigarette group and 9.9% for the nicotine replacement group. Clearly, 18.0% is higher than 9.9%, but is the difference statistically significant? This chapter will introduce methods for answering such questions. In this case, the answer will reveal whether the e-cigarette is a more effective smoking cessation aid than the nicotine replacement treatment. CHAPTER PROBLEM
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