668 CHAPTER 11 Probability 17. U.S. Auto Sales The following graph was created using StatCrunch with data from CarPro.com. The graph shows U.S. automobile sales, to the nearest thousand automobiles sold, by make, for the year 2022. The total sales for the year 2022 were 14,000,000 automobiles. Ram, 545,000 Subaru, 557,000 Nissan, 683,000 Jeep, 685,000 Hyundai, 724,000 Toyota, 1,850,000 Ford, 1,767,000 Others, 4,112,000 Kia, 694,000 Honda, 881,000 Chevrolet, 1,502,000 U.S. Automobile Sales 2022 Source: CarPro.com. If an automobile was sold in the United States, determine the empirical probability that the automobile sold was a) a Ford. 0.1262 b) not a Ford. 0.8738 c) a Jeep. 0.0489 d) not a Jeep. 0.9511 18. National Park Visits The following graph was created using StatCrunch with data from the website NPS.gov. The graph shows the number of visits to the top 10 most visited national parks for the year 2022. The total number of visits to these 10 parks was 46,470,691 visits. Great Smoky Mountains, 12,937,633 Grand Canyon, 4,732,101 Rocky Mountain, 4,300,424 Zion, 4,692,417 Yellowstone, 3,290,242 Joshua Tree, 3,058,294 Cuyahoga Valley, 2,913,312 Yosemite, 3,667,550 Acadia, 3,970,260 Glacier, 2,908,458 National Park Visits 2022 Source: NPS.gov If a park on this list was visited, determine the empirical probability that the park visited was a) Grand Canyon National Park. 0.1018 b) a park other than Grand Canyon National Park 0.8982 c) Yosemite National Park 0.0789 d) a park other than Yosemite National Park 0.9211 19. Medical Research A medical researcher administers an experimental medical treatment to 200 patients. The patients in the study are categorized by blood types A B AB , , ,and O. The researcher observed that the treatment had a favorable outcome for 24 of the 80 patients with blood type A, 11 of the 22 patients with blood type B, 8 of the 8 patients with blood type AB, and none of the 90 patients with blood type O. Determine the empirical probability of a favorable outcome for those patients with a) blood type A. 24 80 0.3 = b) blood type B. 11 22 0.5 = c) blood type AB. 8 8 1 = d) blood type O. 0 90 0 = 20. Alternative Veterinarian Medicine Eva Marie, a veterinarian researcher, is working on a new non-antibiotic medicine to treat bacterial infections in animals. While conducting a study, Eva Marie observed that the medicine worked on 14 of 20 cats, 18 of 30 dogs, 0 of 24 horses, and 35 of 35 cows. Determine the empirical probability that the medicine will work for a) cats. 14 20 0.7 = b) dogs. 18 30 0.6 = c) horses. 0 24 0 = d) cows. 35 35 1 = 21. Cell Biology Experiment An experimental serum was injected into 500 guinea pigs. Initially, 150 of the guinea pigs had circular cells, 250 had elliptical cells, and 100 had irregularly shaped cells. After the serum was injected, none of the guinea pigs with circular cells were affected, 50 with elliptical cells were affected, and all those with irregular cells were affected. Determine the empirical probability that a guinea pig with (a) circular cells, (b) elliptical cells, and (c) irregular cells will be affected by injection of the serum. a) 0 b) 50 250 0.20 c) 1 = 22. Mendel’s Experiment In one of his experiments (see pages 661– 662), Mendel crossbred not true purple flower pea plants. These purple pea plants had two traits for flowers, purple (dominant) and white (recessive). The result of this crossbreeding was 705 second-generation plants with purple flowers and 224 second-generation plants with white flowers. Determine the empirical probability (round to four decimal places) of a second-generation plant having a) white flowers. 224 929 0.2411 ≈ b) purple flowers. 705 927 0.7589 ≈ In Exercises 23–70, write the theoretical probability answer as a fraction in lowest terms. 23. Multiple-Choice Question A multiple-choice test question has five possible choices. If you randomly select one of the choices, what is the probability that you select a) the correct choice? 1 5 b) an incorrect choice? 4 5
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