666 CHAPTER 11 Probability This probability could also have been determined by noting that there are 48 cards that are not 8’s in a deck of 52 cards. = = P(not an 8) 48 52 12 13 c) There are 13 clubs in the deck. = = P(club) 13 52 1 4 d) There are 4 jacks, 4 queens, and 4 kings, or a total of 12 face cards. = = P or or (jack queen king) 12 52 3 13 e) The word and means that both events must occur. Since it is not possible to select one card that is both a heart and a spade the probability is 0. = = P(heart and spade) 0 52 0 f) The cards that are both greater than 5 and less than 9 are 6’s, 7’s, and 8’s. There are four 6’s, four 7’s, and four 8’s, or a total of 12 cards. = = P and (greater than 5 less than 9) 12 52 3 13 ■ Now try Exercise 33 Instructor Resources for Section 11.1 in MyLab Math • Objective-Level Videos 11.1 • StatCrunch: Experiment: Flip Coin • StatCrunch: Simulation: Coin Flipping • StatCrunch: Experiment: Roll Die • StatCrunch: Experiment: Draw Cards • PowerPoint Lecture Slides 11.1 • MyLab Exercises and Assignments 11.1 Exercises Warm Up Exercises In Exercises 1–10, fill in the blank with an appropriate word, phrase, or symbol(s). 1. A controlled operation that yields a set of results is called a(n) _______. Experiment 2. The possible results of an experiment are called its _______. Outcomes 3. A subcollection of the outcomes of an experiment is called a(n) _______. Event 4. Probability determined by the relative frequency of occurrence of an event, or actual observations of an experiment is called _______ probability. Empirical 5. Probability determined through a study of the possible outcomes that can occur for a given experiment is called _______ probability. Theoretical 6. If each outcome of an experiment has the same chance of occurring as any other outcome, the outcomes are _______ likely outcomes. Equally 7. a) The probability of an event that cannot occur is _______. 0 b) The probability of an event that must occur is _______. 1 c) Every probability must be a number between _______ and _______ inclusive. 0, 1 8. The sum of the probabilities of all possible outcomes of an experiment is _______. 1 9. For any event E, + = P E P E ( ) (not ) _______. 1 10. If the probability that an event occurs is 0.2, the probability that the event does not occur is _______. 0.8 Practice the Skills/Problem Solving In Exercises 11–14, write your answer as a fraction in lowest terms. 11. Boat Rentals The last 30 boat rentals at Green Lakes Boat Rentals were 14 sunfish, 10 kayaks, and 6 rowboats. Use this information to determine the empirical probability that the next boat rental is a a) sunfish. 7 15 b) kayak. 1 3 c) rowboat. 1 5 SECTION 11.1
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