152 CHAPTER 3 Logic Problem Solving In Exercises 33–48, (a) translate the argument into symbolic form and (b) determine if the argument is valid or invalid. You may compare the argument to a standard form or use a truth table. 33. If the Marlins win the division, then the Marlins go to the playoffs. The Marlins do not win the division. The Marlins do not go to the playoffs. ∴ * 34. If the book was written by Michael Connolly, then the book is a bestseller. The book is a bestseller. The book was written by Michael Connolly. ∴ * 35. If we visit the zoo, then we see a zebra. We visit the zoo. We see a zebra. ∴ 36. If we visit Harlem, then we go to the Apollo Theater. If we go to the Apollo Theater, then we see a concert. If we visit Harlem, then we see a concert. ∴ 37. If the guitar is a Les Paul model, then the guitar is made by Gibson. The guitar is not made by Gibson. The guitar is not a Les Paul model. ∴ 38. ∴ We will go surfing or we will go paddle boarding. We will not go paddle boarding. We will go surfing. * 39. If we take the kayaks on the river, then we see alligators. We see alligators. We take the kayaks on the river. ∴ 40. If you pass general chemistry, then you can take organic chemistry. You pass general chemistry. You can take organic chemistry. ∴ 41. ∴ Lucious will give the company to Hakeem or Lucious will give the company to Cookie. Lucious will not give the company to Hakeem. Lucious will give the company to Cookie. * * * * * * 42. If this is Homecoming Weekend, then we will go to the football game. We will not go to the football game. This is not Homecoming Weekend. * ∴ 43. If it is cold, then graduation will be held indoors. If graduation is held indoors, then the fireworks will be postponed. If it is cold, then the fireworks will be postponed. * ∴ 44. If Lucinda is singing in the band, then Steve is playing the guitar. Lucinda is not singing in the band. Steve is not playing the guitar. * ∴ 45. ∴ Cindy planted tulips and Maggie planted daffodils. If Maggie planted daffodils, then Jill planted hyacinths. If Jill planted hyacinths, then Cindy planted tulips. * 46. ∴ Vitamin C helps your immune system or niacin helps reduce cholesterol. If niacin helps reduce cholesterol, then vitamin E enhances your skin. Vitamin C helps your immune system and vitamin E enhances your skin. * 47. Javier is a police officer or Javier is a little league coach. If Javier is a police officer, then Javier is a community leader. Javier is a little league coach if and only if Javier is a community leader. * ∴ 48. The garden has vegetables or the garden has flowers. If the garden does not have flowers, then the garden has vegetables. The garden has flowers or the garden has vegetables. * ∴ In Exercises 49–58, translate the argument into symbolic form. Then determine whether the argument is valid or invalid. 49. If you read The Riptide Ultra-Glide then you can understand Tiger Shrimp Tango. You cannot understand Tiger Shrimp Tango. Therefore, you did not read The Riptide Ultra-Glide. * 50. The trimmer is out of gas or the trimmer does not have string. The trimmer has string. Therefore, The trimmer is out of gas. * 51. If it rains on Monday, then we will go shopping. It does not rain on Monday. Therefore, we will not go shopping. * *See Instructor Answer Appendix Brozova/Panther Media GmbH/Alamy Stock Photo LittlenySTOCK/Shutterstock
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