4 Click or Clip? Copyright © 2026 Pearson Education, Inc. Click or Clip? (50 – 60 minutes) Learning Objective(s): Students will construct a two-way frequency table from bivariate categorical data. Students will identify and interpret joint and marginal frequencies. Students will analyze data to find possible associations between two categorical variables. Students will solve related problems involving categorical data analysis. Material(s) needed: Student pages: Click or Clip? Calculator Lesson Procedure: Warm–Up 10 minutes Prompt: The owner of a small business wants to understand whether customers prefer shopping online or in-store, and if they typically use a discount coupon. What kind of data is this? Discuss with a partner. Discuss: Types of data – categorical vs. numerical; univariate vs. bivariate Guided Instruction 15 minutes Present: scenario similar, but not identical, to Click or Clip? Example: A survey was conducted about a recent purchase by 20 customers. Out of the 20 customers, 14 purchased in-store and 6 purchased online. Overall, 12 customers spent $50 or more; among those, 4 purchased online. How many customers spent less than $50? 8 Rounded to the nearest tenth, what percentage of in-store purchasers spent $50 or more? 57.1% How do you know that this is correct? Compare students’ strategies. In which purchasing method did a higher proportion of customers spend $50 or more higher? Online Review: key terms – two-way frequency table, joint frequency, marginal frequency two-way frequency table: table to organize the frequency of two categorical variables joint frequency: number of times two or more variables occur together in a dataset marginal frequency: number of times a single variable occurs in a data set Independent Practice 20 minutes Distribute: student activity Click or Clip? Allow students to work individually or in pairs. Closure 10–15 minutes Review Answers: 1. Used a coupon Did not use a coupon Total Online shopper 115 67 182 In-store shopper 22 96 118 Total 137 163 300 2. 22 3. 163 4. 63.2% 5. 182 6. 45.7% 7. The survey suggests that more customers prefer online shopping. Those who preferred online shopping used coupons more in the recent purchase. 8. Sample answer: Because one metric is about preference and the other about a single event, conclusions about the association may be less reliable. Discuss: How can the marketing team use the results of the survey to tailor promotions and increase coupon usage among shopper groups?
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