Symbol Table pn sample proportion qn sample proportion equal to 1 - pn p proportion obtained by pooling two samples q proportion or probability equal to 1 - p P1A2 probability of event A P1A B2 probability of event A, assuming event B has occurred nPr number of permutations of n items selected r at a time nCr number of combinations of n items selected r at a time A complement of event A H0 null hypothesis H1 alternative hypothesis a alpha; probability of a type I error or the area of the critical region b beta; probability of a type II error r sample linear correlation coefficient r rho; population linear correlation coefficient r2 coefficient of determination R2 multiple coefficient of determination rs Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient b1 point estimate of the slope of the regression line b0 point estimate of the y-intercept of the regression line yn predicted value of y d difference between two matched values d mean of the differences d found from matched sample data sd standard deviation of the differences d found from matched sample data se standard error of estimate T rank sum; used in the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test f frequency with which a value occurs Σ capital sigma; summation Σx sum of the values Σx2 sum of the squares of the values 1Σx22 square of the sum of all values Σxy sum of the products of each x value multiplied by the corresponding y value n number of values in a sample N number of values in a finite population; also used as the size of all samples combined n! n factorial k number of samples or populations or categories x mean of the values in a sample R mean of the sample ranges m mu; mean of all values in a population s standard deviation of a set of sample values s lowercase sigma; standard deviation of all values in a population s2 variance of a set of sample values s 2 variance of all values in a population z standard score za>2 critical value of z t t distribution ta>2 critical value of t df number of degrees of freedom F F distribution x2 chi-square distribution x2 R right-tailed critical value of chi-square x2 L left-tailed critical value of chi-square p probability of an event or the population proportion q probability or proportion equal to 1 - p continued
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