APPENDIX D 775 6. Significantly low values are less than or equal to 485.9; significantly high values are greater than or equal to 523.5. 7. The minimum is 119 mm, the first quartile Q1 is 128 mm, the second quartile Q2 (or median) is 131 mm, the third quartile Q3 is 135 mm, and the maximum is 141 mm. 8. With a minimum of 0.799 g and a maximum of 0.944 g, s is estimated to be range>4 = 0.0363 g, which is very close to the standard deviation of 0.0366 g. 9. P25 = 0.871 g. The value of P25 is the same as the value of Q1. (Tech: Minitab yields 0.8705 and Excel yields 0.8715.) 10. The female has the larger relative birth weight because her z score of 0.23 is larger than the z score of 0.19 for the male. Chapter 3: Cumulative Review Exercises 1. a. Quantitative b. Ratio level of measurement c. Continuous d. Sample e. Statistic 49.8, 70.7, 77.7, 86.0, 116.9, and for ANSUR II those values are 47.8, 75.2, 84.0, 93.2, 137.1.) 37. Top boxplot represents males. Males appear to have slightly lower pulse rates than females. Outliers for males: 40 beats per minute, 102 beats per minute, 104 beats per minute. Outliers for females: 36 beats per minute. Chapter 3: Quick Quiz 1. 93.6 km>h 2. 78.5 km>h 3. 65 km>h 4. 1857.6 1km>h22 5. The speed of 194 km>h appears to be an outlier because it is substantially greater than the other speeds. 6. -1.81; no 7. About 75% or 69 speeds are less than Q3. 8. Minimum, first quartile Q1, second quartile Q2 (or median), third quartile Q3, maximum 9. 46.0 km>h (from range>4) 10. x, m, s, s, s 2, s 2 Chapter 3: Review Exercises 1. a. -1.00 in. b. 0.30 in. c. None d. -4.75 in. e. 12.90 in. f. 3.52 in. g. 12.39 in.2 h. -1.75 in. (Tech: Minitab: -1.83 in.; Excel: -1.675 in.) i. 1.05 in. (Tech: Minitab: 1.07 in.; Excel: 1.025 in.) 2. The difference of -11.2 in. appears to be an outlier. If that outlier is excluded, the mean changes from -1.00 in. to -0.07 in., the median changes from 0.30 in. to 0.50 in., and the standard deviation changes from 3.52 in. to 1.51 in. The outlier has a strong effect on the mean and standard deviation, but very little effect on the median. 3. z = -2.90. The difference of -11.2 in. is significantly low (because its z score is less than or equal to -2). 4. 5-number summary: -11.2 in., -1.75 in., 0.30 in., 1.05 in., 1.70 in. (Tech: Minitab yields Q1 = -1.83 in. and Q3 = 1.07 in. Excel yields Q1 = -1.675 in. and Q3 = 1.025 in.) 5. 23.0. The numbers don’t measure or count anything. They are used as replacements for the names of the categories, so the numbers are at the nominal level of measurement. In this case the mean is a meaningless statistic. 2. Weight (mg) Frequency 3500–3549 6 3550–3599 3 3600–3649 7 3650–3699 3 3700–3749 1 3. 4. 75th percentile 5. a. 3605.2 mg b. 3619.0 mg c. 62.4 mg d. 3895.3 mg2 e. 212.0 mg 6. The vertical scale does not begin at 0, so the differences among the different outcomes are exaggerated. 7. No. A normal distribution would appear in a histogram as being bell-shaped, but the histogram is not bell-shaped. 8. Based on the scatterplot, there does appear to be a correlation between heights of fathers and heights of their first sons. Because the points are not very close to a straight-line pattern, the correlation does not appear to be very strong.
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