770 APPENDIX D 3. No. Graphs should be constructed in a way that is fair and objective. The readers should be allowed to make their own judgments, instead of being manipulated by misleading graphs. 5. The pulse rate of 36 beats per minute appears to be an outlier. 7. The data are arranged in order from lowest to highest, as 36, 56, 56, and so on. 9. There is a gradual upward trend that appears to be leveling off in recent years. An upward trend would be helpful to women so that their earnings become equal to those of men. 11. Given that box office receipts are closely tracked and widely reported, these data are very accurate. 13. 13. Using a loose interpretation of “normal,” the histogram appears to be approximately normal. The histogram does show skewness to the right. 15. Because the histogram is roughly bell-shaped, it does appear to depict a normal distribution. 17. The digits 0 and 5 appear to occur more often than the other digits, so it appears that the heights were reported and not actually measured. This suggests that the data might not be very useful. 19. Only part (c) appears to represent data from a normal distribution. Part (a) has a systematic pattern that is not that of a straight line, part (b) has points that are not close to a straight-line pattern, and part (d) is really bad because it shows a systematic pattern and points that are not close to a straight-line pattern. Section 2-3 1. The data set is too small for a dotplot to reveal important characteristics of the data. Because the data are listed in order for each of the last several years, a time-series graph would be most effective for these data.
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