Chapter Objectives 725 Conclude 1. Significance • Do the results have statistical significance? • Do the results have practical significance? Analyze 1. Graph the Data 2. Explore the Data • Are there any outliers (numbers very far away from almost all of the other data)? • What important statistics summarize the data (such as the mean and standard deviation described in Chapter 3)? • How are the data distributed? • Are there missing data? • Did many selected subjects refuse to respond? 3. Apply Statistical Methods • Use technology to obtain results. Prepare 1. Context • What do the data represent? • What is the goal of study? 2. Source of the Data • Are the data from a source with a special interest so that there is pressure to obtain results that are favorable to the source? 3. Sampling Method • Were the data collected in a way that is unbiased, or were the data collected in a way that is biased (such as a procedure in which respondents volunteer to participate)? FIGURE 1-3 Statistical and Critical Thinking Here are the chapter objectives: Approach an application of statistics by using appropriate statistical methods. Be thorough by using a variety of methods. • Begin by considering the context of the data, the source of the data, and the sampling method. Explore the data and include relevant graphs. • Use a variety of different relevant statistical methods, and use at least two different technologies to generate graphs and conduct data analyses. • Write a conclusion that highlights the most important features of the data. Address the issues of statistical significance and practical significance. • Start from the beginning and replicate the study by collecting new sample data, then repeat the entire process of analyzing the data. Confirm that the results of the original study continue to appear to be valid. CHAPTER OBJECTIVES w S
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