they do not really measure or count anything. Instead of using the linear correlation method from Section 10-1, we can use the rank correlation method described in Section 13-6. We can then provide objective results that are better than a subjective judgment. Here are the chapter objectives: 13-1 Basics of Nonparametric Tests • Develop the ability to describe the difference between parametric tests and nonparametric tests. • Identify advantages and disadvantages of nonparametric tests. • Know how nonparametric tests are generally less efficient than the corresponding parametric tests. • Develop the ability to convert data into ranks. 13-2 Sign Test • Develop the ability to conduct a sign test for claims involving matched pairs of sample data, or claims involving nominal data, or claims made about the median of a population. 13-3 Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs • Develop the ability to apply the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for sample data consisting of matched pairs. 13-4 Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test for Two Independent Samples • Develop the ability to apply the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for sample data from two independent populations. 13-5 Kruskal-Wallis Test for Three or More Samples • Develop the ability to apply the Kruskal-Wallis test for sample data from three or more independent populations. 13-6 Rank Correlation • Develop the ability to compute the value of the rank correlation coefficient rs, and use it to determine whether there is a correlation between two variables. Chapter Objectives 643 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES >>> TABLE 13-1 Ranks and Costs of Smartphones Rank 1 2345678910 Cost (dollars) 1000 1100 900 1000 750 1000 900 700 750 600

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