CHAPTER 11 Big (or Very Large) Data Project 607 Technology Project Data Set 3 “ANSUR II 2012” includes measurements from n = 6068 U.S. Army personnel. Use software to find the frequencies in the following table. After finding those frequencies, test to determine whether handedness (right, left, or both) is independent of gender. Right-Handed Left-Handed Ambidextrous (Both Right and Left) Female Male Big (or Very Large) Data Project Refer to Data Set 45 “Births in New York” in Appendix B. Fill in the following table with the counts corresponding to gender and the given lengths of stay, then test the claim that the length of stay is independent of gender of the baby. Two Days Three Days Four Days Males Females FROM DATA TO DECISION Critical Thinking: Was Allstate wrong? The Allstate insurance company once issued a press release listing zodiac signs along with the corresponding numbers of automobile crashes, as shown in the first and last columns in the table below. In the original press release, Allstate included comments such as one stating that Virgos are worried and shy, and they were involved in 211,650 accidents, making them the worst offenders. Allstate quickly issued an apology and retraction. In a press release, Allstate included this: “Astrological signs have absolutely no role in how we base coverage and set rates. Rating by astrology would not be actuarially sound.” Zodiac Sign Dates Length (days) Crashes Capricorn Jan. 18–Feb. 15 29 128,005 Aquarius Feb. 16–March 11 24 106,878 Pisces March 12–April 16 36 172,030 Aries April 17–May 13 27 112,402 Taurus May 14–June 19 37 177,503 Gemini June 20–July 20 31 136,904 Cancer July 21–Aug. 9 20 101,539 Leo Aug. 10–Sept. 15 37 179,657 Virgo Sept. 16–Oct. 30 45 211,650 Libra Oct. 31–Nov. 22 23 110,592 Scorpio Nov. 23–Nov. 28 6 26,833 Ophiuchus Nov. 29–Dec. 17 19 83,234 Sagittarius Dec. 18–Jan. 17 31 154,477 Analyzing the Results The original Allstate press release did not include the lengths (days) of the different zodiac signs. The preceding table lists those lengths in the third column. A reasonable explanation for the different numbers of crashes is that they should be proportional to the lengths of the zodiac signs. For example, people are born under the Capricorn sign on 29 days out of the 365 days in the year, so they are expected to have 29>365 of the total number of crashes. Use the methods of this chapter to determine whether this appears to explain the results in the table. Write a brief report of your findings.
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