576 11 11-1 Goodness-of-Fit 11-2 Contingency Tables Is There a Link Between the Measles Vaccine and Autism? GOODNESS-OF-FIT AND CONTINGENCY TABLES The World Health Organization reports that prior to mass vaccinations in the 1980s, measles killed around 2,600,000 people each year. As this is being written, about 100,000 people die from measles each year, and there is currently an outbreak of measles in the United States. Based on a belief that there is a link between the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine and autism, some parents continue to prevent their children from being vaccinated. The link between the vaccine and autism was fueled in part by research conducted by gastroenterologist Andrew Wakefield. In 1998, Wakefield and colleagues published results showing a vaccine>autism link in Lancet. Their small sample size of n = 12, the design of their studies, and the nature of their conclusions led to retraction of their published results, and those authors were accused of ethical violations, falsification of data, and fraud. CHAPTER PROBLEM
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