CHAPTER 9 Big (or Very Large) Data Project 503 c. Use a 95% confidence level and use the bootstrap method to construct a confidence interval for testing the claim that there is no difference in wait times between the two-line configuration and the single-line configuration. d. Repeat Part (a) using all 85 of the two-line wait times and single-line wait times listed in Data Set 30 “Queues” from Appendix B. e. Repeat Part (b) using all 85 of the two-line wait times and single-line wait times listed in Data Set 30 “Queues” from Appendix B. f. Repeat Part (c) using all 85 of the two-line wait times and single-line wait times listed in Data Set 30 “Queues” from Appendix B. g. What do you conclude? Two Lines 113 225 270 393 506 574 675 579 351 347 Single Line 113 225 270 390 504 574 610 455 482 346 Refer to Data Set 45 “Births in New York.” Separate the 465,506 birth weights (grams) into two samples according to gender. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that males have a mean birth weight that is greater than the mean birth weight of females. Big (or Very Large) Data Project FROM DATA TO DECISION What Is the Effect of the NFL Overtime Rule Change? The National Football League (NFL) changed the overtime rules in 2012. Before 2012, games tied at the end of regulation play continued with a coin toss to determine which team would receive the ball, then “sudden death” was put into place so that the first team that scored won the game. Beginning in 2012, that rule was modified so that if a team scored with a field goal, the opposing team would get possession of the ball in an attempt to either tie or win. The goal was to make the overtime rules more fair. Listed in the table below (from the Chapter 5 Problem) are results for games played before and after the overtime rule change in 2012. (The data for the games after 2012 are current up to the time of this writing.) The table does not include games that ended in a tie after the overtime period ended. TABLE 5-1 NFL Games Decided in Overtime Before 2012 Since 2012 Team Won Overtime Coin Toss and Won Game 252 67 Team Won Overtime Coin Toss and Lost Game 208 54 Analysis 1. Is there a significant difference between win rates by overtime coin toss winners before 2012 and after 2012? 2. Was the overtime rule change effective in improving the fairness of the game by eliminating the advantage that the coin toss could give? 3. Was the pre-2012 win rate by coin toss winners significantly better than 50%, so that the rule change was really necessary? 4. Is the post-2012 game win rate by coin toss winners significantly better than 50%? 5. Bottom line: Did the 2012 overtime rule change accomplish anything, or was it a waste of time and effort?
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