432 CHAPTER 8 Hypothesis Testing Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking 1. Resampling a. In general, what does it mean to “resample” the following data set consisting of wait times (minutes) of customers waiting in line for the Space Mountain ride at Walt Disney World: 50, 25, 75, 35, 50? b. When resampling from the data set given in part (a), is it done with replacement or without replacement? Why? c. When testing a claim about a proportion or mean or standard deviation, what is an important advantage of using a resampling method instead of the parametric method described in the preceding sections of this chapter? 2.Bootstrapping and Randomization When dealing with one sample of individual data values, what is the fundamental difference between the resampling methods of bootstrapping and randomization? 3.At Least As Extreme A random sample of 860 births in New York State included 426 boys, and that sample is to be used for a test of the common belief that the proportion of male births in the population is equal to 0.512. a. In testing the common belief that the proportion of male babies is equal to 0.512, identify the values of pn and p. b. For random samples of size 860, what sample proportions of male births are at least as extreme as the sample proportion of 426>860? c. In using the method of randomization with 1000 resamples, it is found that 310 of them have sample proportions that are at least as extreme as 426>860. What should be concluded about the claim that the proportion of male births is equal to 0.512? 4.At Least As Extreme a. Data Set 5 “Body Temperatures” includes a column of 38 body temperatures with a mean of 98.13°F, and that sample is to be used to test the claim that the population has a mean body temperature equal to 98.6°F. For random samples of 38 body temperatures, what sample means are at least as extreme as the sample mean of 98.13°F? b. In using the method of randomization with 1000 resamples, it is found that none of the resampled data sets have sample means that are at least as extreme as 98.13°F. What should be concluded about the claim that the population has a mean body temperature equal to 98.6°F? Randomization: Testing a Claim About a Proportion. In Exercises 5–8, use the randomization procedure for the indicated exercise. 5.Section 8-2, Exercise 9 “Cursed Movie” 6.Section 8-2, Exercise 10 “MythBusters” 7.Section 8-2, Exercise 11 “Clothing Care Instructions” 8.Section 8-2, Exercise 12 “M&Ms” Randomization: Testing a Claim About a Mean. In Exercises 9–12, use the randomization procedure for the indicated exercise. 9.Section 8-3, Exercise 21 “Lead in Medicine” 10.Section 8-3, Exercise 22 “Got a Minute?” 8-5 Basic Skills and Concepts
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