5-1 Probability Distributions 217 22. Range Rule of Thumb for Significant Events Use the range rule of thumb to determine whether 4 is a significantly high number of drivers who say that they text while driving. 23. Range Rule of Thumb for Significant Events Use the range rule of thumb to determine whether 1 is a significantly low number of drivers who say that they text while driving. 24. Using Probabilities for Significant Events a. Find the probability of getting exactly 3 drivers who say that they text while driving. b. Find the probability of getting 3 or more drivers who say that they text while driving. c. Which probability is relevant for determining whether 3 is a significantly high number of drivers who say that they text while driving: the result from part (a) or part (b)? d. Is 3 a significantly high number of drivers who say that they text while driving? Why or why not? 25. Using Probabilities for Significant Events a. Find the probability of getting exactly 2 drivers who say that they text while driving. b. Find the probability of getting 2 or fewer drivers who say that they text while driving. c. Which probability is relevant for determining whether 2 is a significantly low number of drivers who say that they text while driving: the result from part (a) or part (b)? d. Is 2 a significantly low number of drivers who say that they text while driving? Why or why not? 26. Using Probabilities for Significant Events a. Find the probability of getting exactly 4 drivers who say that they text while driving. b. Find the probability of getting 4 or more drivers who say that they text while driving. c. Which probability is relevant for determining whether 4 is a significantly high number of drivers who say that they text while driving: the result from part (a) or part (b)? d. Is 4 a significantly high number of drivers who say that they text while driving? Why or why not? 27. Biometric Security In a USA Today survey of 510 people, 270 (or 53%) said that we should replace passwords with biometric security, such as fingerprints. Use the following probabilities related to determining whether the result of 270 is significantly high (assuming the true rate is 50%). Is 270 significantly high? What should be concluded about the claim that the majority of the population says that we should replace passwords with biometric security? Explain. • P1respondent says to use biometrics2 = 0.5 • P1among 510, exactly 270 say to use biometrics2 = 0.0146 • P1among 510, 270 or more say to use biometrics2 = 0.0995. 28. Stem Cell Survey In a Newsweek poll of 882 adults, 481 (or 55%) said that they were in favor of using federal tax money to fund medical research using stem cells obtained from human embryos. A politician claims that people don’t really understand the stem cell issue and their responses to such questions are random responses equivalent to a coin toss. Use the following probabilities related to determining whether the result of 481 is significantly high (assuming the true rate is 50%). Is 481 significantly high? What should be concluded about the politician’s claim? Explain. • P1respondent says to use the federal tax money2 = 0.5 • P1among 882, exactly 481 say to use federal tax money2 = 0.000713 • P1among 882, 481 or more say to use federal tax money2 = 0.00389
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