3-2 Measures of Variation 117 Motorola VE465, LG G3, and HTC Desire 310. The data are from the Federal Communications Commission. Are any of the resulting statistics helpful in selecting a cell phone for purchase? 0.97 1.38 0.93 1.52 1.37 1.09 0.48 0.65 13. Caffeine in Soft Drinks Listed below are measured amounts of caffeine (mg per 12 oz of drink) obtained in one can from each of 20 brands (7-UP, A&W Root Beer, Cherry Coke, . . . , Tab). Are the statistics representative of the population of all cans of the same 20 brands consumed by Americans? 0 0 34 34 34 45 41 51 55 36 47 41 0 0 53 54 38 0 41 47 14. Gender Pay Gap Listed below are women’s median earnings as a percentage of men’s median earnings listed in order by row for recent years beginning with 1997. What extremely important characteristic of the data is not considered when finding the measures of variation? 74.4 76.3 76.5 76.9 76.4 77.9 79.4 80.4 81.0 80.8 80.2 79.9 80.2 81.2 82.2 80.9 82.1 82.5 81.1 81.9 15. Writing Hand Listed below are the writing hands (1 = right; 2 = left) of randomly selected Army women examined in 1988 for the Anthropometric Survey (ANSUR). Are the results useful? 1111111122 16. Most Expensive Colleges Listed below are the annual costs (dollars) of tuition and fees at the ten most expensive colleges in the United States for a recent year (based on data from U.S. News & World Report). The colleges listed in order are Columbia, Vassar, Harvey Mudd, University of Chicago, Trinity, Franklin and Marshall, Tufts, Amherst, University of Southern California, and Sarah Lawrence. What do the results tell us about the variation of costs for the population of all U.S. college tuitions? 57,208 55,210 54,886 54,825 54,770 54,380 54,318 54,310 54,259 54,010 17. Diamonds at the Diamonds Listed below are the amounts (dollars) it costs for marriage proposal packages at the different Major League Baseball stadiums. Five of the teams don’t allow proposals. Are there any outliers, and are they likely to have much of an effect on the measures of variation? 39 50 50 50 55 55 75 85 100 115 175 175 200 209 250 250 350 400 450 500 500 500 500 1500 2500 18. Sales of LP Vinyl Record Albums Listed below are annual U.S. sales of vinyl record albums (millions of units). The numbers of albums sold are listed in chronological order, and the last entry represents the most recent year. Do the measures of variation give us any information about a changing trend over time? 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.9 2.5 2.8 3.9 4.6 6.1 9.2 11.9 13.1 14.3 19. California Smokers In the California Health Interview Survey, randomly selected adults are interviewed. One of the questions asks how many cigarettes are smoked per day, and results are listed below for 50 randomly selected respondents. How well do the results reflect the smoking behavior of California adults? 91010204050000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000 0 0 0 0 0 20. Big Mac Index Listed below in order are prices in dollars for a Big Mac hamburger in the United States, Canada, Mexico, China, Japan, Russia, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Britain, India, and Egypt. Such data are used to compare currency exchange rates and the costs of goods in
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