100 CHAPTER 3 Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data a cause of cancer. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has a standard that a cell phone radiation rate must be 1.6 W>kg or less. If you are planning to purchase a cell phone, are any of the measures of center the most important statistic? Is there another statistic that is most relevant? If so, which one? 0.97 1.38 0.93 1.52 1.37 1.09 0.48 0.65 13. Caffeine in Soft Drinks Listed below are measured amounts of caffeine (mg per 12 oz of drink) obtained in one can from each of 20 brands (7-UP, A&W Root Beer, Cherry Coke, . . . , Tab). Are the statistics representative of the population of all cans of the same 20 brands consumed by Americans? 0 0 34 34 34 45 41 51 55 36 47 41 0 0 53 54 38 0 41 47 14. Gender Pay Gap Listed below are women’s median earnings as a percentage of men’s median earnings for recent years beginning with 1997 (listed in order by row). What extremely important characteristic of the data is not considered when finding the measures of center? 74.4 76.3 76.5 76.9 76.4 77.9 79.4 80.4 81.0 80.8 80.2 79.9 80.2 81.2 82.2 80.9 82.1 82.5 81.1 81.9 15. Writing Hand Listed below are the writing hands (1 = right; 2 = left) of randomly selected Army women examined in 1988 for the Anthropometric Survey (ANSUR). Identify two problems with the results. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 16. Most Expensive Colleges Listed below are the annual costs (dollars) of tuition and fees at the 10 most expensive colleges in the United States for a recent year (based on data from U.S. News & World Report). The colleges listed in order are Columbia, Vassar, Harvey Mudd, University of Chicago, Trinity, Franklin and Marshall, Tufts, Amherst, University of Southern California, and Sarah Lawrence. What does this “top 10” list tell us about those costs for the population of all U.S. college tuitions? 57,208 55,210 54,886 54,825 54,770 54,380 54,318 54,310 54,259 54,010 17. Diamonds at the Diamonds Listed below in dollars are the amounts it costs for marriage proposal packages at the different Major League Baseball stadiums. Five of the teams don’t allow proposals. Are there any outliers? 39 50 50 50 55 55 75 85 100 115 175 175 200 209 250 250 350 400 450 500 500 500 500 1500 2500 18. Sales of LP Vinyl Record Albums Listed below are annual U.S. sales of vinyl record albums (millions of units). The numbers of albums sold are listed in chronological order, and the last entry represents the most recent year. Do the measures of center give us any information about a changing trend over time? 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.9 2.5 2.8 3.9 4.6 6.1 9.2 11.9 13.1 14.3 19. California Smokers In the California Health Interview Survey, randomly selected adults are interviewed. One of the questions asks how many cigarettes are smoked per day, and results are listed below for 50 randomly selected respondents. How well do the results reflect the smoking behavior of California adults? 91010204050 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000 000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy NjM5ODQ=