xv I owe a debt of gratitude to the many reviewers who helped me shape and refine Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, Eighth Edition. Reviewers of the Current Edition Chris Bendixen, Lake Michigan College Seunghee Lee, Pellissippi State Community College Nancy Liu, Miami Dade College Lohuwa Mamadu, University of South Florida Ashley Nicoloff, Glendale Community College Jason Samuels, Borough of Manhattan Community College Reviewers of the Previous Editions Rosalie Abraham, Florida Community College at Jacksonville Ahmed Adala, Metropolitan Community College Olcay Akman, College of Charleston Polly Amstutz, University of Nebraska, Kearney John J. Avioli, Christopher Newport University Karen Benway, University of Vermont David P. Benzel, Montgomery College John Bernard, University of Texas—Pan American B.K. Brinkley, Tidewater Community College G. Andy Chang, Youngstown State University Keith J. Craswell, Western Washington University Carol Curtis, Fresno City College Christine Curtis, Hillsborough Community College–Dale Mabry Dawn Dabney, Northeast State Community College Cara DeLong, Fayetteville Technical Community College Ginger Dewey, York Technical College David DiMarco, Neumann College Gary Egan, Monroe Community College Charles Ehler, Anne Arundel Community College Carrie Elledge, San Juan College Harold W. Ellingsen, Jr., SUNY—Potsdam Michael Eurgubian, Santa Rosa Jr. College Jill Fanter, Walters State Community College Patricia Foard, South Plains College Douglas Frank, Indiana University of Pennsylvania Frieda Ganter, California State University David Gilbert, Santa Barbara City College Donna Gorton, Butler Community College Larry Green, Lake Tahoe Community College Sonja Hensler, St. Petersburg Jr. College Sandeep Holay, Southeast Community College, Lincoln Campus Lloyd Jaisingh, Morehead State Nancy Johnson, Manatee Community College Martin Jones, College of Charleston David Kay, Moorpark College Mohammad Kazemi, University of North Carolina—Charlotte Jane Keller, Metropolitan Community College Susan Kellicut, Seminole Community College Hyune-Ju Kim, Syracuse University Rita Kolb, Cantonsville Community College Rowan Lindley, Westchester Community College Jeffrey Linek, St. Petersburg Jr. College Benny Lo, DeVry University, Fremont Diane Long, College of DuPage Austin Lovenstein, Pulaski Technical College Rhonda Magel, North Dakota State University Jason Malozzi, Lower Columbia College Mike McGann, Ventura Community College Cynthia McGinnis, Northwest Florida State College Vicki McMillian, Ocean County College Lynn Meslinsky, Erie Community College Larry Musolino, Pennsylvania State University Lyn A. Noble, Florida Community College at Jacksonville— South Campus Julie Norton, California State University—Hayward Lynn Onken, San Juan College Lindsay Packer, College of Charleston Nishant Patel, Northwest Florida State Jack Plaggemeyer, Little Big Horn College Eric Preibisius, Cuyamaca Community College Melonie Rasmussen, Pierce College Cyndi Roemer, Union County College Neal Rogness, Grand Valley State University Jean Rowley, American Public University and DeVry University Elisabeth Schuster, Benedictine University Jean Sells, Sacred Heart University John Seppala, Valdosta State University Carole Shapero, Oakton Community College Abdullah Shuaibi, Harry S. Truman College Aileen Solomon, Trident Technical College Sandra L. Spain, Thomas Nelson Community College Michelle Strager-McCarney, Penn State—Erie, The Behrend College Jennifer Strehler, Oakton Community College Deborah Swiderski, Macomb Community College William J. Thistleton, SUNY—Institute of Technology, Utica Millicent Thomas, Northwest University Agnes Tuska, California State University—Fresno Clark Vangilder, DeVry University Ting-Xiu Wang, Oakton Community Heidi Webb, Horry Georgetown Technical College Dex Whittinghall, Rowan University Cathleen Zucco-Teveloff, Rider University Many thanks to Betsy Farber for her significant contributions to previous editions of the text. I would also like to thank the staff of Larson Texts, Inc., who assisted with the production of the book. On a personal level, I am grateful to my spouse, Deanna Gilbert Larson, for her love, patience, and support. Also, a special thanks goes to R. Scott O’Neil. I have worked hard to make this text a clean, clear, and enjoyable one from which to teach and learn statistics. Despite my best efforts to ensure accuracy and ease of use, many users will undoubtedly have suggestions for improvement. I welcome your suggestions. Ron Larson, odx@psu.edu ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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