PREFACE xi Welcome to Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, Eighth Edition. You will find that this textbook is written with a balance of rigor and simplicity. It combines step-by-step instructions, real-life examples and exercises, carefully developed features, and technology that makes statistics accessible to all. I am grateful for the overwhelming acceptance of the first seven editions. It is gratifying to know that my vision of combining theory, pedagogy, and design to exemplify how statistics is used to picture and describe the world has helped students learn about statistics and make informed decisions. What’s New in This Edition The goal of the Eighth Edition was a thorough update of the key features, examples, and exercises: Examples This edition has 213 examples, nearly 50% of which are new or revised. Also, several of the examples now show an alternate solution or a check using technology. Try It Yourself Over 40% of the 213 Try It Yourself exercises are new or revised. Picturing the World Over 70% of these are new or revised. Screen Displays In the examples, technology tips, and other features that show screen displays from Minitab®, Excel®, the TI-84 Plus, and StatCrunch®, the displays were revised as appropriate to make them more visually appealing, easy to follow, and reflective of the most up-to-date version of the software. Exercises Over 30% of the more than 2300 exercises are new or revised. Extensive Chapter Feature Updates A full 50% of the following key features are new or revised, making this edition fresh and relevant to today’s students: • Where You’ve Been and Where You’re Going • Uses and Abuses: Statistics in the Real World • Real Statistics—Real Decisions: Putting it all together • Chapter Technology Project References to Co-Requisite Help Margin notes have been included at point-of-use locations throughout this edition to remind students that they can get help reviewing a particular area of mathematics in the Integrated Review in MyMathLab for School. Applet Activities Revisions have been made to the applet activities throughout the text to reflect changes to the corresponding online applets they reference. Applet activities are discussed further on the next page. Study Strategies At the bottom of each chapter summary page in Chapters 1 through 10, there are study strategies that students can use to help improve their performance in college. These include tips on improving reading skills, avoiding procrastination, preparing for a test, taking notes, and other areas. Features of the Eighth Edition Guiding Student Learning Where You’ve Been and Where You’re Going Each chapter begins with a two-page visual description of a real-life problem. Where You’ve Been connects the chapter to topics learned in earlier chapters. Where You’re Going gives students an overview of the chapter. What You Should Learn Each section is organized by learning objectives, presented in everyday language in What You Should Learn. The same objectives are then used as subsection titles throughout the section. Definitions and Formulas are clearly presented in easy-to-locate boxes. They are often followed by Guidelines, which explain In Words and In Symbols how to apply the formula or understand the definition. Margin Features help reinforce understanding: • Study Tips show how to read a table, interpret a result, help drive home an important interpretation, or connect different concepts. • Tech Tips show how to use Minitab, Excel, the TI-84 Plus, or StatCrunch to solve a problem. • References to Co-Requisite Help point students to extra math help. • Picturing the World is a “mini case study” in each section that illustrates the important concept or concepts of the section. Each Picturing the World concludes with a question and can be used for general class discussion or group work. The answers to these questions are included in the Annotated Instructor’s Edition. Examples and Exercises Examples Every concept in the text is clearly illustrated with one or more step-by-step examples. Most examples have an interpretation step that shows the student how the solution may be interpreted within the real-life context of the example and promotes critical thinking and writing skills. Each example, which is numbered and titled for easy reference, is followed by a similar exercise called Try It Yourself so students can immediately practice the skill learned. The answers to these exercises are in the back of the book and the worked-out solutions are available in MyMathLab for School in the Student Solutions Manual. Technology Examples Many sections contain an example that shows how technology can be used to calculate formulas, perform tests, or display data. Screen displays from Minitab, Excel, the TI-84 Plus, and StatCrunch are shown. Additional screen displays are presented at the ends of selected chapters, and detailed instructions are given in separate technology manuals available with the book. Exercises The exercises give students practice in performing calculations, making decisions, providing explanations, and applying results to a real-life setting. The section exercises are divided into three parts:
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