I6 INDEX Ttable, contingency, 536 t-distribution, 310 constructing a confidence interval for a population mean, 312 finding critical values in, 377 properties of, 310 test chi-square goodness-of-fit, 526, 528 independence, 538 for standard deviation, 396 for variance, 396 homogeneity of proportions, 546 hypothesis, 348 left-tailed, 354, 394 one-way analysis of variance, 558, 559 power of the, 353 right-tailed, 354, 394 Scheffé, 569 t-test, 478 two-tailed, 354, 394 two-way analysis of variance, 564 test statistic, 353 for a chi-square test, 396, 403 goodness-of-fit test, 528 independence test, 538 for the correlation coefficient, 478 for the difference between means, 421, 438 for the difference between proportions, 448 for a mean s known, 365, 403 s unknown, 379, 403 for a one-way analysis of variance test, 559 for a proportion, 388, 403 standardized, 353 for a two-sample F-test, 552 for a two-sample t-test, 428 for a two-sample z-test, 421 Theorem Bayes’, 156 Central Limit, 263 Chebychev’s, 89 theoretical probability, 134 third quartile, 102 time series, 61 chart, 61 timeline, history of statistics, 35 tolerance, error, 300 total deviation, 498 total variation, 498 transformation linear, 200 logarithmic, 495 transformations to achieve linearity, 495 transforming a z-score to an x-value, 254 treatment, 17 treatment group, 17 tree diagram, 130 trimmed mean, 80 t-test, 428 for the correlation coefficient, 478 for the difference between means, 438 for a mean, 379, 403 two-sample, for the difference between means, 428 two-sample F-test for variances, 552 t-test, 428 z-test for the difference between means, 421 for the difference between proportions, 448 two-tailed test, 354, 394 two-way analysis of variance test, 564 type I error, 351 type II error, 351 U unbiased estimator, 298 unexplained deviation, 498 unexplained variation, 498 uniform distribution, 245 uniform frequency distribution, 73 unit, experimental, 17 upper class limit, 40 using the chi-square test for a variance or standard deviation, 396 the interquartile range to identify outliers, 104 a normal distribution to approximate binomial probabilities, 278 P-values for a z-test for a mean, 365 rejection regions for a z-test for a mean, 370 Table 11 for the correlation coefficient, 476 the t-test for the correlation coefficient, 478 for the difference between means, 438 for a mean m, 379 a two-sample F-test to compare s 2 1 and s 2 2, 552 a two-sample t-test for the difference between, 429 a two-sample z-test for the difference between means, 421 for the difference between proportions, 448 a z-test for a proportion, 388 Vvalidity of an experiment, 20 value critical, 299, 368 expected, 196 probability, 353 variability of a data set, 40 variable(s) cause-and-effect relationship between, 480 confounding, 19, 454 dependent, 470 explanatory, 470 independent, 470 lurking, 480 random, 190 continuous, 190 dependent, 200 discrete, 190 independent, 200 response, 470 variance, 83, 85 of a binomial distribution, 209 chi-square test for, 396, 403 confidence interval for, 332 of a discrete random variable, 195 of a geometric distribution, 222 mean square between, 558 within, 558 one-way analysis of, 558 point estimate for, 330 of a Poisson distribution, 222 population, 83 finding, 84 sample, 85 finding, 85 two-sample F-test for, 552 two-way analysis of, 564 variation coefficient of, 87, 92 explained, 498 total, 498 unexplained, 498 Wweighted mean, 71 well-designed experiment, elements of, 19 width of a class, 40 winning, odds of, 145 with replacement, 22 without replacement, 22 Xx, random variable, 190 x-value, transforming a z-score to an, 254 Yy-intercept, confidence interval for, 508 Z zero, inherent, 11 z-score, 107 transforming to an x-value, 254 z-test for a mean m, 365, 403 test statistic for, 365, 403 using P-values for, 365 using rejection regions for, 370 for a proportion, 388, 403 test statistic for, 388, 403 two-sample difference between means, 421 difference between proportions, 448
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