INDEX I5 Rrandom sample, 21 simple, 21 random sampling, 3 random variable, 190 continuous, 190 dependent, 200 discrete, 190 expected value of a, 196 mean of a, 194 standard deviation of a, 195 variance of a, 195 independent, 200 linear transformation of a, 200 randomization, 19 randomized block design, 19 range, 40, 82 interquartile, 103, 104 of probabilities rule, 137, 161 ratio level of measurement, 11, 12 rectangular, frequency distribution, 73 region critical, 368 rejection, 368 regression equation, multiple, 509 regression line, 476, 486 deviation about, 498 equation of, 487 variation about, 498 rejection region, 368 decision rule based on, 370 relative frequency, 42 conditional, 547 histogram, 46 replacement with, 22 without, 22 replication, 20 residual plot, 494 residuals, 486 response variable, 470 right, skewed, 73 right-tailed test, 354, 394 round-off rule, 67, 84, 134, 194, 301, 322, 333, 474, 487 rule Addition for the probability of A or B, 158, 161 for three events, 165 decision based on P-value, 356, 363 based on rejection region, 370 Empirical, 88 Multiplication, for the probability of A and B, 149, 161 range of probabilities, 137, 161 round-off, 67, 84, 134, 194, 301, 322, 333, 474, 487 Ssample, 3 biased, 21 cluster, 22 convenience, 23 dependent, 418 independent, 418 matched, 418 paired, 418 proportion, 273 random, 21 simple, 21 stratified, 22 systematic, 23 sample means sampling distribution of, 261 sampling distribution for the difference of, 420 sample proportion, 273 sample proportions, sampling distribution of, 273 sample size, 20 minimum to estimate m, 304 minimum to estimate r, 324 sample space, 130 sample standard deviation, 85 finding, 85 for grouped data, 90 sample variance, 85 finding, 85 sampling, 21 random, 3 sampling distribution, 261 for the difference of the sample means, 420 for the difference between the sample proportions, 447 for the mean of the differences of the paired data entries in dependent samples, 437 of sample means, 261 properties of, 261 of sample proportions, 273 sampling error, 21, 261, 300 sampling process with replacement, 22 without replacement, 22 scatter plot, 60, 470 Scheffé Test, 569 score, standard, 107 second quartile, 102 series, time, 61 chart, 61 shape of a data set, 40 side-by-side box-and-whisker plot, 113 sigma, 41 significance, level of, 353, 476 simple event, 131 simple random sample, 21 simulation, 18 skewed left, 73 negatively, 73 positively, 73 right, 73 slope confidence interval for, 508 hypothesis testing for, 508 standard deviation, 83, 85 of a binomial distribution, 209 chi-square test for, 396, 403 confidence interval for, 332 of a discrete random variable, 195 of a frequency distribution, 90 point estimate for, 330 pooled estimate of, 428 population, 83 finding, 84 sample, 85 finding, 85 for grouped data, 90 standard error of estimate, 500 finding, 500 of the mean, 261 standard normal curve, finding areas under, 239, A4 standard normal distribution, 237, A1, A2 finding critical values in, 368 properties of, 237, A2 standard score, 107 standardized test statistic, 353 for a chi-square test for standard deviation, 396, 403 for variance, 396, 403 for the correlation coefficient, 478 for the difference between means t-test, 438 z-test, 421 for the difference between proportions, 448 for a t-test for a mean 379, 403 two-sample, 428 for a z-test for a mean, 365, 403 for a proportion, 388, 403 two-sample, 421 statistic, 4 test, 353 standardized, 353 statistical hypothesis, 349 statistical probability, 135 statistical process control (SPC), 251 statistical study, designing a, 17 statistics, 2 descriptive, 5 history of, timeline, 35 inferential, 5 status, 2 stem, 55 stem-and-leaf plot, 55 back-to-back, 66 steps for hypothesis testing, 357 strata, 22 stratified sample, 22 study observational, 17 statistical, designing a, 17 subjective probability, 134, 137 sum of squares, 83 summary of counting principles, 172 of discrete probability distributions, 219 five-number, 105 of four levels of measurement, 12 of hypothesis testing, 402, 403 of probability, 161 survey, 18 survey questions closed question, 26 open question, 26 symmetric, frequency distribution, 73 systematic sample, 23
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