INDEX I3 finding the test statistic for the one-way ANOVA test, 559 finite correction factor, 273 finite population correction factor, 309 first quartile, 102 five-number summary, 105 formula, binomial probability, 203 fractiles, 102 frequency, 40 conditional relative, 547 cumulative, 42 expected, 527 joint, 536 marginal, 536 observed, 527 relative, 42 frequency distribution, 40 constructing from a data set, 40 mean of, 72 finding, 72 rectangular, 73 skewed left (negatively skewed), 73 skewed right (positively skewed), 73 standard deviation of, 90 symmetric, 73 uniform, 73 frequency graph, cumulative, 46 constructing, 47 frequency histogram, 44 relative, 46 frequency polygon, 45 F-test for variances, two-sample, 552 function, probability density, 234 Fundamental Counting Principle, 132, 172 Ggaps, 70 geometric distribution, 216, 219 mean of a, 222 variance of a, 222 geometric probability, 216 goodness-of-fit test, chi-square, 526, 528 grand mean, 559 graph cumulative frequency, 46 constructing a, 47 misleading, 66 group control, 17 treatment, 17 grouped data mean of, 72 standard deviation of, 90 H Hawthorne effect, 19 histogram frequency, 44 relative frequency, 46 history of statistics timeline, 35 homogeneity of proportions test, 546 hypergeometric distribution, 222 hypothesis alternative, 349, 420 null, 349, 420 statistical, 349 hypothesis test, 348 finding the P-value for, 363 left-tailed, 354 level of significance, 353 right-tailed, 354 two-tailed, 354 hypothesis testing for the mean s known, 363 s unknown, 377 for a population proportion, 388 for slope, 508 for standard deviation, 396 steps for, 357 summary of, 402, 403 for variance, 396 I independence test, chi-square, 538 independent event, 148, 161 random variable, 200 samples, 418 variable, 470 inferential statistics, 5 inflection points, 234 influential point, 494 inherent zero, 11 interaction effect, 564 interquartile range (IQR), 103, 104 using to identify outliers, 104 interval(s), 40 confidence, 301 for s, 332 for s 2, 332 c-prediction, 502 prediction, 502 interval estimate, 299 interval level of measurement, 11, 12 Jjoint frequency, 536 Llaw of large numbers, 136 leaf, 55 left, skewed, 73 left-tailed test, 354, 394 level of confidence, 299 level of significance, 353, 476 levels of measurement interval, 10, 11, 12 nominal, 10, 12 ordinal, 10, 12 ratio, 11, 12 limit lower class, 40 upper class, 40 line of best fit, 486 regression, 476, 486 linear transformation of a random variable, 200 logarithmic equation, 495 transformation, 495 losing, odds of, 145 lower class limit, 40 lurking variable, 480 M main effect, 564 making an interval estimate, 299 margin of error, 300 marginal frequency, 536 mark, class, 42 matched samples, 418 matched-pairs design, 20 maximum error of estimate, 300 mean, 67 of a binomial distribution, 209 of a discrete random variable, 194 of a frequency distribution, 72 finding, 72 of a geometric distribution, 222 grand, 559 standard error of, 261 trimmed, 80 t-test for, 379 weighted, 71 z-test for, 365 mean absolute deviation (MAD), 99 mean square between, 558 within, 558 means difference between two-sample t-test for, 428 two-sample z-test for, 421 sampling distribution of sample, 261 measure of central tendency, 67 mean, 67 median, 67, 68 midrange, 80 mode, 67, 69 measure of position decile, 106 fractile, 102 midquartile, 113 percentile, 106 quartile, 102, 106 first, 102 second, 102 third, 102 measure of variation interquartile range, 103, 104 population standard deviation, 83 population variance, 83 range, 82 sample standard deviation, 85 sample variance, 85 measurement interval level of, 11, 12 nominal level of, 10, 12 ordinal level of, 10, 12 ratio level of, 11, 12 median, 67, 68 midpoint, 42 midquartile, 113 midrange, 80
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