A58 ODD ANSWERS 8. Population: Collection of responses of all undergraduate and graduate students. Sample: Collection of responses of the 182 undergraduate and graduate students surveyed. 9. Experiment. The study applies a treatment (digital device) to the subjects. 10. Observational study.The study does not attempt to influence the responses of the subjects. 11. Quantitative; Ratio 12. Qualitative; Nominal 13. (a) 0 10 20 30 40 60 80 100 50 70 90 Number of tornadoes Tornadoes by State 127 35 2 16.5 110 120 130 0 (b) Skewed right 14. 88.9 15. (a) x ≈ 5.49; median = 5.4; mode = none; Both the mean and the median accurately describe a typical American alligator tail length. (b) Range = 4.1; s2 ≈ 2.34; s ≈ 1.53 16. (a) An inference drawn from the study is that the life expectancies for Americans will continue to increase or remain stable. (b) This inference may incorrectly imply that Americans will have higher life expectancies in the future. 17. Class Midpoint Class boundaries 0 – 9 4.5 – 0.5 – 9.5 10 – 19 14.5 9.5–19.5 20 – 29 24.5 19.5–29.5 30 – 39 34.5 29.5–39.5 40 – 49 44.5 39.5–49.5 50 – 59 54.5 49.5–59.5 60 – 69 64.5 59.5–69.5 70 – 79 74.5 69.5–79.5 Frequency, f Relative frequency Cumulative frequency 18 0.56 18 5 0.16 23 2 0.06 25 1 0.03 26 1 0.03 27 1 0.03 28 2 0.06 30 2 0.06 32 18. Skewed right 19. Relative frequency 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.60 0.50 Number of points scored (per player) 4.5 14.5 24.5 34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 Winnipeg Jets Points Scored Class with greatest frequency: 0–9 Classes with the least frequency: 30–39, 40–49, and 50–59 Chapter 3 Section 3.1 (page 140) 1. An outcome is the result of a single trial in a probability experiment, whereas an event is a set of one or more outcomes. 3. The probability of an event cannot exceed 100%. 5. The law of large numbers states that as an experiment is repeated over and over, the probabilities found in the experiment will approach the actual probabilities of the event. Examples will vary. 7. False. The event “choosing false on a true or false question and choosing A or B on a multiple choice question” is not simple because it consists of two possible outcomes and can be represented as A = 5FA, FB6. 9. False. A probability of less than 1 20 = 0.05 indicates an unusual event. 11. d 12. f 13. b 14. c 15. a 16. e 17. 1 6 19. 0.97 21. 0.05 23. 1 4 25. 5A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z6; 26 27. 5A1, K1, Q1, J1, 101, 91, 81, 71, 61, 51, 41, 31, 21, A2, K2, Q2, J2, 102, 92, 82, 72, 62, 52, 42, 32, 22, A0, K0, Q0, J0, 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, A3, K3, Q3, J3, 103, 93, 83, 73, 63, 53, 43, 33, 236; 52 29. H T T H T H 5HH, HT, TH, TT6; 4 31. 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 511, 12, 11, 22, 11, 32, 11, 42, 11, 52, 11, 62, 12, 12, 12, 22, 12, 32, 12, 42, 12, 52, 12, 62, 13, 12, 13, 22, 13, 32, 13, 42, 13, 52, 13, 62, 14, 12, 14, 22, 14, 32, 14, 42, 14, 52, 14, 62, 15, 12, 15, 22, 15, 32, 15, 42, 15, 52, 15, 62, 16, 12, 16, 22, 16, 32, 16, 42, 16, 52, 16, 626; 36
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