ODD ANSWERS A51 35. Season Percent Fall Spring 5 10 15 20 30 40 25 35 Winter Summer Favorite Season of U.S. Adults Ages 18 and Older The pie chart helps you to see the percentages as parts of a whole, with fall being the largest. It also shows that while fall is the largest percentage, it makes up less than half of the pie chart. That means that a majority of U.S. adults ages 18 and older prefer a season other than fall. This means it would not be a fair statement to say that most U.S. adults ages 18 and older prefer fall. The Pareto chart helps you to see the rankings of the seasons. 37. (a) The graph is misleading because the large gap from 0 to 90 makes it appear that the sales for the 3rd quarter are disproportionately larger than sales for the other quarters. (b) Quarter Sales (in thousands of dollars) 3rd 2nd 1st 4th 130 10 30 50 70 90 110 Sales for Company A 39. (a) The graph is misleading because the angle makes it appear as though the 3rd quarter had a larger percent of sales than the others, when the 1st and 3rd quarters have the same percent. (b) Sales for Company B 4th quarter 20% 2nd quarter 4% 3rd quarter 38% 1st quarter 38% 41. (a) At Law Firm A, the lowest salary was $90,000 and the highest salary was $203,000. At Law Firm B, the lowest salary was $90,000 and the highest salary was $190,000. There are 30 lawyers at Law Firm A and 32 lawyers at Law Firm B. (b) At Law Firm A, the salaries are clustered at the far ends of the distribution range. At Law Firm B, the salaries are spread out. 43. (a) 2 6 Key: 20 6 = 26 3 1 4 0 4 4 5 6 7 9 9 5 5 5 5 6 3 4 4 7 0 1 2 2 (b) 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 (c) 26 31 40 45 46 47 55 63 71 70 64 44 72 55 49 (d) Frequency 24.5 34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 2 4 6 8 (e) Cumulative frequency 19.5 29.5 39.5 49.5 59.5 69.5 79.5 4 8 12 16 20 Sample answer: The stem-and-leaf plot, dot plot, frequency histogram, and ogive display the data best because the data are quantitative. Section 2.3 (page 74) 1. True 3. True 5. Sample answer: 2, 4, 5, 5, 6, 8 7. Sample answer: 2, 5, 7, 9, 35 9. The shape of the distribution is skewed right because the bars have a “tail” to the right. 11. The shape of the distribution is uniform because the bars are approximately the same height. 13. (11), because the distribution of values ranges from 1 to 12 and has (approximately) equal frequencies. 14. (9), because the distribution has values in the thousands and is skewed right due to the few vehicles that have much higher mileages than the majority of the vehicles. 15. (12), because the distribution has a maximum value of 90 and is skewed left due to a few students scoring much lower than the majority of the students. 16. (10), because the distribution is approximately symmetric and the weights range from 80 to 160 pounds. 17. x ≈ 14.9; median = 15; mode = 16 19. x ≈ 74.6; median = 67; The mode cannot be found because no data entry is repeated. 21. x ≈ 58; median = 58.5; mode = 54, 59 23. x ≈ 7.1; median = 6.5; mode = 10 25. x ≈ 59.1; median = 49; mode = 80, 125; The modes do not represent the center of the data set because they are large values compared to the rest of the data. 27. x is not possible; median is not possible; mode = “Social media site”; The mean and median cannot be found because the data are at the nominal level of measurement.
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