A44 ODD ANSWERS Chapter 1 Section 1.1 (page 6) 1. A sample is a subset of a population. 3. A parameter is a numerical description of a population characteristic. A statistic is a numerical description of a sample characteristic. 5. False. A statistic is a numerical description of a sample characteristic. 7. True 9. False. A population is the collection of all outcomes, responses, measurements, or counts that are of interest. 11. Population, because it is a collection of the salaries of each employee of an advertising firm. 13. Sample, because the collection of 250 people is a subset of the population of 20,000 members of an organized union. 15. Sample, because the collection of the 12 people is a subset of the 49 people who escaped a burning building. 17. Population, because it is the collection of all the guests in each room of a hotel. 19. Population, because it is the collection of the nationalities of every person passing through a customs station. 21. Population: Parties of registered voters Sample: Parties of registered voters who respond to a survey 23. Population: Ages of adults in the United States who own motor vehicles Sample: Ages of adults in the United States who own two-wheeled motor vehicles 25. Population: Collection of the responses of all U.S. adults Sample: Collection of the responses of the 1021 U.S. adults surveyed Sample data set: 45% of adults who have a favorable view of Cuba and 55% who do not 27. Population: Collection of the U.S. adults who have received vaccines Sample: Collection of responses of 1500 U.S adults who have received vaccines Sample data set: 59% of U.S. adults who have never had a vaccine reaction and 41% who have 29. Population: Collection of responses from small business owners in the U.S. Sample: Collection of responses of 2111 U.S. small business owners Sample data set: 54% of small business owners who oppose increasing the minimum wage and 46% who do not 31. Population: Collection of all U.S. adults Sample: Collection of responses of 1001 U.S. adults who were surveyed Sample data set: 47% of respondents who typically feel well rested on weekdays and 53% who do not 33. Population: Collection of all companies listed in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Sample: Collection of the responses of 74 Standard & Poor’s 500 companies surveyed Sample data set: Starting salaries of the 74 companies surveyed 35. Sample statistic.The value $71,000 is a numerical description of a sample of average salaries. 37. Population parameter. The 62 surviving passengers out of 97 total passengers is a numerical description of all of the passengers of the Hindenburg who survived. 39. Sample statistic. The value of 6% is a numerical description of the sample of automobile owners. 41. Sample statistic. The value 79% is a numerical description of a sample of U.S. adults. 43. The statement “47% of respondents typically feel well rested on weekdays” is an example of descriptive statistics. Using inferential statistics, you may conclude that an association exists between feeling well rested and the day of the week. 45. Answers will vary. 47. No, this inference may incorrectly imply that exercise stimulates T cell production for all ages when it was only shown for senior citizens. 49. (a) The sample is scores on quizzes and midterm exams by the participants in the study. (b) The population is the collection of all of the college students’ scores on quizzes and midterm exams. (c) The statement “participants earned higher scores on quizzes and midterm exams with better sleep” is an example of descriptive statistics. (d) Individuals who sleep better will be more likely to perform better on quizzes and midterm exams than they would with worse sleep. Section 1.2 (page 13) 1. Nominal and ordinal 3. False. Data at the ordinal level can be qualitative or quantitative. 5. False. More types of calculations can be performed with data at the interval level than with data at the nominal level. 7. Qualitative, because nationalities are nonnumerical entries. 9. Quantitative, because age is counted. 11. Qualitative, because flower types are labels. 13. Quantitative, because distances are numerical measurements. 15. Interval. Data can be ordered and meaningful differences can be calculated, but it does not make sense to say that one year is a multiple of another. 17. Ratio. A ratio of two data values can be formed, so one data value can be expressed as a multiple of another. 19. Ordinal. Data can be arranged in order, but the differences between data entries are not meaningful.
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