544 CHAPTER 10 Chi-Square Tests and the F -Distribution 17. Trying to Quit Smoking The contingency table shows the results of a random sample of former smokers by their gender and the number of times they tried to quit smoking before they were habit-free. At a = 0.05, can you conclude that the number of times they tried to quit before they were habit-free is related to gender? (Adapted from Porter Novelli HealthStyles for the American Lung Association) Number of times tried to quit before habit-free Gender 1 2 – 3 4 or more Male 271 257 149 Female 146 139 80 18. Achievement and School Location The contingency table shows the results of a random sample of students by the location of school and the number of those students achieving basic skill levels in three subjects. At a = 0.01, test the hypothesis that the variables are independent. (Adapted from HUD State of the Cities Report) Subject Location of school Reading Math Science Urban 43 42 38 Suburban 63 66 65 19. Continuing Education You work for a college’s continuing education department and want to determine whether the reasons given by workers for continuing their education are related to job type. In your study, you randomly collect the data shown in the contingency table. At a = 0.01, can you conclude that the reason and the type of worker are dependent? (Adapted from Market Research Institute for George Mason University) Reason for continuing education Type of worker Professional Personal Professional and personal Technical 30 36 41 Other 47 25 30 20. Ages and Goals You are investigating the relationship between the ages of U.S. adults and what aspect of career development they consider to be the most important. You randomly collect the data shown in the contingency table. At a = 0.10, is there enough evidence to conclude that age is related to which aspect of career development is considered to be most important? (Adapted from The Harris Poll) Career development aspect Age Learning new skills Pay increases Career path 18–26 years 31 22 21 27– 41 years 27 31 33 42–61 years 19 14 8
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