26 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Statistics 26. Every tenth person using a mall entrance is asked to name their favorite store. 27. Soybeans are planted on a 48-acre field. The field is divided into one-acre subplots. A sample is taken from each subplot to estimate the harvest. 28. By making calls to randomly generated telephone numbers, 1012 respondents are asked if they rent or own their residences. Choosing Between a Census and a Sampling In Exercises 29 and 30, determine whether you would take a census or use a sampling. If you would use a sampling, determine which sampling technique you would use. Explain. 29. The average GPA of the 85 students on a college football team roster 30. The average distance traveled to a stadium by 55,000 spectators Recognizing a Biased Question In Exercises 31–34, determine whether the survey question is biased. If the question is biased, suggest a better wording. 31. Why does eating whole-grain foods improve your health? 32. Why does text messaging while driving increase the risk of a crash? 33. How much do you exercise during an average week? 34. How does the media influence the opinions of voters? Extending Concepts 35. Analyzing a Study Find an article or a news story that describes a statistical study. (a) Identify the population and the sample. (b) Classify the data as qualitative or quantitative. Determine the level of measurement. (c) Is the study an observational study or an experiment? If it is an experiment, identify the treatment. (d) Identify the sampling technique used to collect the data. 36. Designing and Analyzing a Study Design a study for a subject that interests you. Answer parts (a)–(d) of Exercise 35 for this study. 37. Open and Closed Questions Two types of survey questions are open questions and closed questions. An open question allows for any kind of response; a closed question allows for only a fixed response, such as a “yes” or “no” response, or a multiple choice response. An open question and a closed question are given below. List an advantage and a disadvantage of each type of question. Open Question What can be done to get students to eat healthier foods? Closed Question Would a mandatory nutrition course be an effective way to get students to eat healthier foods? 38. Natural Experiments Observational studies are sometimes referred to as natural experiments. Explain, in your own words, what this means.
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