164 CHAPTER 3 Probability 21. Politics The responses of 1500 U.S. adults to a survey that asked them to state their own political viewpoints are shown in the Pareto chart. Find the probability of each event. (Adapted from YouGov) (a) Randomly selecting a person from the sample who does not consider themselves liberal or very liberal (b) Randomly selecting a person from the sample who is conservative or very conservative (c) Randomly selecting a person from the sample who is not very liberal or very conservative (d) Randomly selecting a person from the sample who is either unsure or moderate 22. Brexit A survey asked 1115 British adults how Britain’s decision to leave the European Union has impacted the country. The results are shown in the Pareto chart. Find the probability of each event. (Adapted from Ipsos) (a) Randomly selecting a British adult who feels that the move has made no difference (b) Randomly selecting a British adult who feels that the move has had a very negative impact on Great Britain (c) Randomly selecting a British adult who feels that the move has not had a very positive impact on Great Britain (d) Randomly selecting a British adult who feels that the move has had a fairly positive or very positive impact on Great Britain 23. Engineering Degrees The table shows the numbers of male and female students in the U.S. who received B.S. degrees in engineering in a recent year. A student earning a B.S. degree in engineering during that year is selected at random. Find the probability of each event. (Source: National Center for Educational Statistics) Mechanical engineering Engineering (all other) Total Males 30,150 64,697 94,847 Females 5,032 22,077 27,109 Total 35,182 86,774 121,956 (a) The student is male or received a mechanical engineering degree. (b) The student is female or received a mechanical engineering degree. (c) The student is not female or did not receive a mechanical engineering degree. 24. Mental Health A survey asks 4805 parents the severity of the mental issues they experienced from the coronavirus pandemic. The results are shown in the table. A parent is randomly selected from the sample. Find the probability of each event. (Adapted from Kaiser Family Foundation) Major Moderate Minor None Total Mothers 415 1048 514 1684 3661 Fathers 76 144 180 744 1144 Total 491 1192 694 2428 4805 (a) The parent was unaffected mentally or is a father. (b) The parent had major mental health issues or is a mother. (c) The parent did not have major mental health issues or is a mother. Number responding Response What Is Your Political Viewpoint? 435 240 285 195 180 200 250 150 300 350 400 450 500 165 Moderate Conservative Liberal Very conservative Not sure Very liberal FIGURE FOR EXERCISE 21 Number responding Response 256 245 190 178 134 112 What Impact Has Leaving the European Union Had on Great Britain? Very negative Fairly negative Made no difference Fairly positive Very positive Don’t know 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 FIGURE FOR EXERCISE 22
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