SECTION 3.3 The Addition Rule 163 15. Carton Defects Of the cartons produced by a company, 5% have a puncture, 8% have a smashed corner, and 0.4% have both a puncture and a smashed corner. Find the probability that a randomly selected carton has a puncture or a smashed corner. 16. Can Defects Of the cans produced by a company, 96% do not have a puncture, 93% do not have a smashed edge, and 89.3% have neither a puncture nor a smashed edge. Find the probability that a randomly selected can does not have a puncture or a smashed edge. 17. Selecting a Card A card is selected at random from a standard deck of 52 playing cards. Find the probability of each event. (a) Randomly selecting a club or a 3 (b) Randomly selecting a red suit or a king (c) Randomly selecting a 9 or a face card 18. Rolling a Die You roll a die. Find the probability of each event. (a) Rolling a 5 or a number greater than 3 (b) Rolling a 2 or an odd number (c) Rolling a number less than 4 or an even number 19. U.S. Age Distribution The projected percent distribution of the U.S. population for 2025 is shown in the pie chart. Find the probability of each event. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau) (a) Randomly selecting someone who is under 10 years old (b) Randomly selecting someone who is 50 years or over (c) Randomly selecting someone who is not 60 years or over (d) Randomly selecting someone who is not 20 to 39 years old 80 years or older 4.5% U.S. Age Distribution 30–39 years Under 10 years 40–49 years 50–59 years 60–69 years 70–79 years 10–19 years 12.1% 12.1% 20–29 years 13.0% 12.3% 13.8% 11.6% 11.9% 8.6% Last Marijuana Use Less than 2 weeks ago 2 weeks to 30 days ago 3.2% 31 to 90 days ago 4.7% 91 days to 12 months ago 6.8% More than 1 year ago Never 58.7% 12.7% 13.8% FIGURE FOR EXERCISE 19 FIGURE FOR EXERCISE 20 20. Marijuana Use The percent distribution of the last marijuana use (either medical or nonmedical) for a sample of 13,373 college students is shown in the pie chart. Find the probability of each event. (Source: American College Health Association) (a) Randomly selecting a student who never used marijuana (b) Randomly selecting a student who used marijuana (c) Randomly selecting a student who used marijuana within the last 30 days (d) Randomly selecting a student who has not used marijuana within the last 12 months
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