xi CONTENTS Test Prep 583 ■ Review Exercises 587 ■ Test 590 5.2 Trigonometric Functions 534 Trigonometric Functions ■ Quadrantal Angles ■ Reciprocal Identities ■ Signs and Ranges of Function Values ■ Pythagorean Identities ■ Quotient Identities 5.3 Trigonometric Function Values and Angle Measures 549 Right-Triangle-Based Definitions of the Trigonometric Functions ■ Cofunctions ■ Trigonometric Function Values of Special Angles ■ Reference Angles ■ Special Angles as Reference Angles ■ Determination of Angle Measures with Special Reference Angles ■ Calculator Approximations of Trigonometric Function Values ■ Calculator Approximations of Angle Measures ■ An Application Chapter 5 Quiz (Sections 5.1–5.3) 564 5.4 Solutions and Applications of Right Triangles 565 Historical Background ■ Significant Digits ■ Solving Triangles ■ Angles of Elevation or Depression ■ Bearing ■ Further Applications 6 The Circular Functions and Their Graphs 593 6.1 Radian Measure 594 Radian Measure ■ Conversions between Degrees and Radians ■ Arc Length on a Circle ■ Area of a Sector of a Circle 6.2 The Unit Circle and Circular Functions 607 Circular Functions ■ Values of the Circular Functions ■ Determining a Number with a Given Circular Function Value ■ Linear and Angular Speed 6.3 Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions 620 Periodic Functions ■ Graph of the Sine Function ■ Graph of the Cosine Function ■ Techniques for Graphing, Amplitude, and Period ■ Connecting Graphs with Equations ■ A Trigonometric Model 6.4 Translations of the Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions 633 Horizontal Translations ■ Vertical Translations ■ Combinations of Translations ■ A Trigonometric Model Chapter 6 Quiz (Sections 6.1–6.4) 644 6.5 Graphs of theTangent and Cotangent Functions 644 Graph of the Tangent Function ■ Graph of the Cotangent Function ■ Techniques for Graphing ■ Connecting Graphs with Equations 6.6 Graphs of the Secant and Cosecant Functions 653 Graph of the Secant Function ■ Graph of the Cosecant Function ■ Techniques for Graphing ■ Connecting Graphs with Equations ■ Addition of Ordinates Summary Exercises on Graphing Circular Functions 661
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